Use of costume and make-up in Edward Scissorhands (mise-en-s essays

Use of costume and make-up in Edward Scissorhands (mise-en-s essays The costume and make-up in Edward Scissorhands is used generate feeling and emotions in the audience. There are stark differences in what Edward wears and looks like and what the humans wear and look like. I think that the costumes are supposed to guide the audience in to thinking what kind of characters the people will turn out to be. I think we are supposed to judge the characters by their look, at first. The humans are dressed in a typical 1950s style. This makes them look very simplistic in their ways, on the outside. The womens clothes are very bright and overly colourful. They are supposed to look very prim and proper. Most of the men are dressed either in work clothes or casual wear, suggesting normality. I think the colours used are supposed to generate the view that the townspeople are all very normal, and everything appears to be alright on the outside. The make-up on the women accents and highlights their look. It is no coincidence that Diane Keatons character is selling make-up, something used to cover up things. The industry she is involved in represents a very materialistic world and perhaps a fickle society. The houses are also very bright and false looking, almost like doll houses. Edward, in contrast, is dressed in dark and dreary clothes. The make-up used on him makes his skin look very pale, very ghostly and pasty. He is very gaunt looking and it gives the appearance of a skull. His clothes are all black, and have buckles on them which is a very gothic look. It is supposed to create the idea that like his appearance, Edward himself is very scary and sinister. It makes the audience wary of him. I think the costume is to be seen as part of Edward himself. This is a prime example of judging a book by its cover. The differences in look are used to highlight the nature of humankind as a whole. The house Edward lives in is very gothic ...

Pope Leo III - Charlemagnes Pope - Pope Saint Leo III

Pope Leo III - Charlemagne's Pope - Pope Saint Leo III Pope Leo III was also known as: Charlemagnes Pope Pope Leo III is noted for: crowning Charlemagne Emperor and establishing the precedent that only the pope could confer the imperial crown. Leo was also physically attacked in the streets of Rome by supporters of his predeccessor. Occupation Role in Society: PopeSaint Places of Residence and Influence: Italy Important Dates: Elected pope: Dec. 26, 795Attacked: April 25, 799Died: June 12, 816 About Pope Leo III: Rather than keeping the papacy independent of secular authorities, Leo deliberately took steps to ally with Charlemagne and his growing empire. Attacked in the streets of Rome by supporters of his predecessors nephew, Leo sought the aid of Charlemagne and eventually crowned him emperor, establishing an important precedent. As pope, Leo was adept in diplomacy and managed to keep his Carolingian allies from exerting any real influence on matters of doctrine. He died in 816. For more about Leo, visit your Guides Concise Biography of Pope Leo III. More Leo III Resources: Concise Biography of Pope Leo IIIImage of Leo crowning Charlemagne Leo III on the Web Pope St. Leo IIIFairly substantial bio by Horace K. Mann at the Catholic Encyclopedia.Pope Saint Leo IIIConcise collection of useful data, heavily hyperlinked, at the Patron Saints Index. Leo III in Print The links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. by Richard P. McBrienby P. G. Maxwell-Stuart Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Fair Taxes Essay

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Fair Taxes - Essay Example The people of US are fully aware of the deductions made in the name of federal government taxes; they are now facing a new & unique kind of tax, which is being sponsored by 21 members from the house. This unique & novel specie of tax was proposed in the house of Republic of Georgia by John Linder & Rob Woodall by the name of FairTax Act of 2003, which states that the Americans are gifted with a single â€Å"national retail sales tax† in place of all other federal government taxes which include income taxes, capital gains taxes, death taxes, payroll taxes like social security & Medicare taxes etc. This sales tax comes with an amount of 23% of the original cost on all products in their final sale. Thus every American has to pay a 23% more of the original cost of any product in which way they simply get rid of every other sort of tax (FairTax official website 2011). Every American has his/her own reservations & concerns against this bill. None of them is very sure that this act i s actually going to change their lives in terms of betterment or not. They are under the concept of a single but huge kind of tax which is going to cover the rest of all other taxes. On the other hand, Rep. John Linder named it FairTax as according to him, other federally administered taxes were not fairly distributed among the high earners & low earners, while FairTax emphasizes that the more one spends, the more he/she pay the tax (the more one spends the more he/she has to pay in terms of taxation). Hence he made his point clear that high earners will surely spend more as compared to low earners, so the imposed tax will become â€Å"Fair† corresponding to everyone. According to a survey in the year 2009, 43% Americans are in favor of this bill, while 38% of them wanted to settle for the ongoing taxes. Hence overall less than a half population is in favor of the bill which clearly indicates its low level of appreciation & acceptance among the general public. (Boortz & Linde r. 2005). However, for this bill to become a permanent act in US constitution, it has to go a long way. It must be passed by the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means, both the House and the Senate and then finally signed by the President. In the year 2005, an advisor committee made by President George W. Bush indicated severe concerns regarding this bill. The most important issue was that the federally administered funds like retirement funds or gratuities etc have to be paid from the revenue gained by FairTax, which is very difficult to administer. Many critics also say that this bill would have harmful effects on the economy of the country as the revenue collected by it would be very less than currently enforced taxes, thus the government will either have to reduce its own expenses or else would face a great deficit in budget. Since the investments like exports, business transactions, savings or education tuition expenses would not be taxed as they are not considered to be a fin al consumption; there will be a huge setback for the economy. Hence many economists & advisory & advocacy groups strongly disagree with the idea of implementing FairTax bill as a revenue-neutral act for the government. (Hoagland. 2010). On the other hand, there are economists who are in a great support of this bill as according to them; it will boost US economy in the coming years. By doing some calculations with the rate of FairTax, The Beacon Hill Institute estimated that

Martha Stewart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Martha Stewart - Essay Example She was the CEO of her own multi-million dollar empire who was now facing felony time at Alderson Federal Penitentiary for what amounted to pocket change for Ms. Stewart. How could things have gone so wrong for Martha? Could her attorneys have done something to present a more strategic defense for her case in an effort to minimize her sentence? Martha's case was a classic white-collar crime, and her troubles began shortly after selling ImClone stock based on insider information, a crime known as insider trading. She was contacted by the FBI and US Attorneys in January 2002 and scheduled an interview with them for the first week in February This was the first of several legal errors made in Martha's case. Martha, absent an attorney, ended up lying to the investigators during her initial interview A good defense would have been to exercise her right to remain silent. (Bennett, 2006). Defense attorneys familiar with white-collar crime all generally agree that cooperating with the authorities is not a good thing. The most common legal advice is, "not to give statements or otherwise cooperate with investigators until you’ve talked with an attorney" (Bennett, 2006). The most common defenses against financial crime are insanity, intoxication, incapacity, and duress. Most of her contemporary white-collar criminals say simply they were out of the loop and just did not know. This is known as the "Absence of Intent" defense which Enron, WorldCom, and others have popularized in the recent months. Entrapment is another common defense used in white-collar cases. The defendant claims they could not have committed the crime without the aid of the investigators. This defense is most often used after lengthy undercover investigations and would not have been usable in Stewart's case. Martha's initial error of lying without legal counsel was compounded by her attorney's failure to reach a plea agreement and allowing the case to go to trial. As many as 87% of federal fraud cases are settled with plea agreements and there is a sound legal reason for it. Sentencing can be negotiated during a plea agreement, but a judge is under strict restrictions and has to conform to federal guidelines when imposing punishment after a guilty verdict in a trial (France, 2004). The issue of Martha not testifying in her own behalf has also been criticized, though when a defendant takes the stand in a white collar case the defense runs the risk of the jury forgetting that the government has to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt (France, 2004). The jury found Ms. Stewart guilty of lying to investigators and she received a sentence of 5 months in prison and 5 months on home detention. This was at the minimum end of the federal guidelines and below the national average of 15.7 month s prison time (US Sentencing Commission, 2003). The simple sale of a stock for what amounted to a few dollars drastically altered Martha's world. In a statement shortly after her release she commented, "The experience of the last five months ... has been life altering and life affirming" (Porteus, 2005). However, the damage that the trial did to Martha's image will be long lasting and costly. As a convicted felon, there will be restrictions placed on her ability to operate in certain financial positions. She has been denied entry into Canada and the conviction has scarred her status as a product spokesperson. The price of Martha Stewart stock took an initial beating and after 4 years has just returned to the level it was before the indictment. With the incident behind her, Martha has moved on with some new television programming, a successful talk and domestic show, and "Living". It just goes to prove that it's hard to keep a good thing down.

Practical Importance Of Reflection Nursing Essay

Practical Importance Of Reflection Nursing Essay Wong described reflection on action to take place at various levels, ranging from the superficial level to the critical reflective analysis level. Boyd and Fales described reflection on action to focus more on self-development in terms of knowledge and values. They then explained their premise by stating that an individual doesnt necessarily see more through reflection, but views issues from different perspectives. Reflection on previous experiences is a necessary skill because a student can utilize it to develop greater insight as a medical practitioner. The method of past reflection involves the evaluation of previous choices and views, which is exemplified in Gibbs five step reflective cycle (1988). This series of steps investigates the individuals thought processes and how they can be altered to improve judgement and understanding in clinical practice. Kolb (1984) stated that through the reflection or relearning of experiences a practitioner can gain an increased level of underst anding and proficiency in that particular area. Self-reflection additionally refines personal views and behaviour by contemplating values and attitudes. In medical trainees, values and attitudes are heavily influenced by a process of socialization  resulting from a group or cultural dynamic (Branch, 2005). Understanding and empathising with a patient can vary according to differing cultural backgrounds and the socio-economic class, so continual interaction and reflection can help prepare an undergraduate medical student for the confronting world which follows graduation. Branch (2005) continues to explain that reflection in the form of writing, aids in the progression and augmentation of emotional experiences involving life and death. To have past thoughts and views recorded in text is important in defining personal development throughout the undergraduate period and into professional life. Undergraduate medical students and medical practitioners are placed in very emotionally and physically demanding situations such as critical care and lengthy surgery. Reflective writing helps as a form of stress control and expressing ones self and allows the release of some of the mental burdens. Reassessing personal ability to identify strengths and weaknesses, and use them for personal improvement, is a key benefit of the self-reflective process. Epstein and Hundert (2002) found that after determining the exact strengths and weaknesses, a learning plan could be implemented to enhance learning and maximise efficiency. With the abundance of knowledge to be acquired in the undergraduate medical course, any approach to studying which is beneficial to the student must be considered and integrated in the study plan. Reflecting in the present Greenwood (1993) defined reflection in action as process in which people use their experience and judgement to analyse what they are doing whilst they are doing it. To step back and critically examine ones responses to what is happening can provide a student with a much wider and clearer view of the situation. The consequent decision making process can be better considered and much more impersonal, allowing the undergraduate student to make more refined judgements in medical practice. It involves reflection before and during action, a process which can be applied by the student in a wide range of situations during the undergraduate period and throughout a future career in medicine. Eva and Regehr (2005) highlighted the point that reflection in practice is a substantially more important mechanism for ensuring safe and effective performance. As reflection in action is required for continued professional development and general safety, the process of reflection gives the student a heightened mental awareness of the context of action. When faced with difficult ethical and administrative decisions relating to medication or surgery, a slight falter in mental awareness at the wrong time can cause disastrous results for the student/professional practitioner and the patient. Maintenance of the students mental health is also an important part of reflection in action, as compounding stresses can lead to physical exhaustion and mental instability. Beonink (2004) pointed out the correlation between student fatigue and reflective ability when he conducted his study of 195 fourth year medical students. Practical importance of reflection Reflection can be used to analyse educational or emotional experiences and process them in such a way that a medical student can effectively learn from that experience. Branch and Paranjape (2002) stated that if reflection is undertaken by an undergraduate student, then it can promote growth morally, personally, psychologically, and emotionally as well as cognitively. Psychological development in the student influences both values and attitudes towards many controversial medical issues such as cloning, stem cell research, tissue transplantation and surrogate motherhood. For example, the reflective process can assist the undergraduate students understanding and ability to remain unbiased when a patient insists on refusing a treatment because of personal or religious commitments. The approach towards learning is also assisted through the cognitive development of the student. A study conducted by Mamede and Schmidt (2005) highlighted the current pattern within health professionals in which the use of reflective practice decreased with years of medical practice. Possible explanations for this may be the more experienced health professionals using reflection solely on new or complex problems. An individual gains more experience by encountering familiar problems regularly, but when the reasoning and mindset becomes too automatic and habitual, a momentary lapse of judgement could lead to a disastrous situation. Regular use of reflective practice increases awareness for patient centred care. But it should also be noted that Teamwork is a fundamental part of modern medicine and reflective practice plays an important role within the foundations of teamwork. Branch (2005) suggests that reflection within a team does not only benefit the individual but the entire group. The team as a whole can improve in efficiency, communication, provide support for one another and help define team direction in terms of patient care. Reflective group work is also involved in the discussion and feedback from mentors and staff. As they have more experience than an undergraduate student, experienced practitioners can share stories and anecdotes which are valuable to the inexperienced undergraduate students. Group reflection is also relevant beyond the undergraduate medical course because of the network of teams which function together in all health professions. The evolving definition of reflective practice, and its increasing significance, are changing the way in which undergraduates and health professionals are required to approach and learn about medical practice. Kanthan and Senger (2011) found that reflective practice is becoming mandatory in many of the licensing and re-validation processes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore, it is imperative that early and repetitive practice to acquire competency in this skill is explicitly included in the curriculum in the early years of undergraduate medical education. Personal portfolio writing and other reflective tasks have become a necessity for undergraduate students in medical schools and centres across the world, in the hope that an era of reflective health practitioners can be created. Potential disadvantages of reflection For some personalities, reflective practice can also have negative consequences. Bound and Walker (1998) noted that reflection on action is a very thought driven process and may sometimes be confusing if an undergraduate student reflects without learning from the experience or reflects without the correct thought processes. Internal conflict can also result because of clashing personal values and beliefs. Students may lose sight of the true aim of reflective practice and its benefits. It becomes a mindless and boring encumbrance in which students use a progressive checklist to overcome reflection as an obstacle, rather than addressing the significant personal concerns and questions. Time is a constraining factor in the education of an undergraduate medical student, and the various areas which require reflection are relatively time consuming. If reflection is not used effectively or within the correct context in action and on action, then it is unnecessarily consuming valuable time wh ich could be better spent on studying or for patient care. Reflective practice involves and brings together many aspects of the undergraduate medical course and beyond in future professional life. The research quoted above indicates that, when used correctly, reflective practice gives an undergraduate student the tools required to become a skilled reflective medical practitioner. The possible disadvantages of reflection seem insignificant when compared to the bigger picture of all the positive effects. In summation, reflective practice is an important attribute because it allows an undergraduate medical student to make better informed decisions, learn from his/her own mistakes and from the previous experience of others, and maintain good physical and mental health.

Sigmund Freud, the Psychopathology of Everyday Life

SIGMUND FREUD: THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE MIEISHA MARSHALL DECEMBER 1, 2012 HISTORY AND SYSTEMS DR. WAYNE PONIWEZ UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT MONTICELLO SIGMUND FREUD: THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE Psychopathology of everyday life (1901) is one of the key studies of the outstanding Austrian scientist Sigmund Freud, who laid the basis for the theory of psychoanalysis, along with The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1910) and Ego and the Id (1923).This little book became one of the scientific classics of the 20th century and it is very important not only for psychopathology, but also for modern linguistics, semantics and philosophy. The most trivial slips of the tongue or pen, Freud believed, can reveal our secret ambitions, worries, and fantasies. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life ranks among his most enjoyable works.Starting with the story of how he once forgot the name of an Italian painter-and how a young acquaintance mangled a quot ation from Virgil through fears that his girlfriend might be pregnant-it brings together a treasure trove of muddled memories, inadvertent actions, and verbal tangles. Amusing, moving, and deeply revealing of the repressed, hypocritical Viennese society of his day, Freud's dazzling interpretations provide the perfect introduction to psychoanalytic thinking in action.According to Freud, our daily lives teem with unwitting expressions of the wishes and ideas we try to keep hidden. These suppressed notions elude our conscious control and take the form of slips of the tongue, jokes, and seemingly accidental gestures. In this classic of psychology, Freud explores the phenomenon of parapraxis – slips of the tongue commonly known as Freudian slips, acts of forgetfulness, misinterpretations, and ‘accidents'.These simple and apparently trivial events, he explains, can possess deeper meanings with subconscious motivations – meanings that can be revealed by analysis and can ultimately offer a clearer perception of the self. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is the inventory of what goes on when nothing much is going on, or of what we do when we think we know what we are doing. I. Forgetting Proper Names Freud used his own self to do an observation on the inability to remembering proper names to psychological analysis.The basis of Freud’s argument is that in psychological terms this displacement is not merely arbitrary, but follows regular and predictable paths, in other words, Freud assume that the substitute name or names will relate to the name sought in a way that can be traced, and he hope that if he can succeed in proving this relationship he shall also cast some light on the process which makes us forget names (Freud, p 6).

What Is Critical Literacy Free Essay Example, 1000 words

It is paramount to examine texts, like magazine articles, films, novels, short stories etc from a point that challenges societal beliefs and values. In the classroom critical literacy is mostly used while reading textbooks which will aid adolescents to be able to reason critically. The books so used by the teachers should be able to present trustworthy voices and their themes should focus on such issues as class, gender, prejudice and tolerance so that when students participate in critical literacy, they will be active, strategic and open-minded learners capable of analysing text from a critical point of view(Edward, 2006). Critical literacy is also oftenly used in the classroom in the form of debates and this aids learners in developing critical reasoning skills and constructing critical literacy. Through well-constructed debates students will be able to clarify, illustrate, practice and assist them reflect on various themes. Students can examine those whose knowledge has been priv ileged in the texts with an aim of de-constructing the message for those particular meanings. As readers also, students should evaluate social construction in a text and interrogate the factors that might have influenced the writer to create the wordings in a particular manner. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Critical Literacy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Moreover by using critical literacy, students are encouraged by teachers to view texts from other ways and re-creating them from a standpoint of the marginalized groups so as to analyze social inequities and power relations that have been fostered in the texts. There are various strategies that can be applied in engaging students in critical literacy include utilization of anticipatory activities which include setting of a purpose for reading and students asked questions to enable use their previous knowledge on the matter. This can also be carried out by the teacher reading the text aloud and engaging students in small teams to participate in shared readings. The second strategy involves the teacher asking student questions pertaining identification of key ideas with details that are supportive from the expository texts that were presented on their books such as those of geography. There are a lot of activities that students engage in around critical literacy. Behrman Edward revealed that the commonly used methods that support this phenomenon in practice includes: reading of supplementary texts, reading of several texts, learning from a perspective that is resistant, production of counter-texts and instructing students to conduct research on personal interest topics and social action for challenging students (Edward, 2006). For the purposes of this paper we shall examine the first three methods.